- They would bring in Martin Luther King to come in and speak for the Montgomery Bus Boycott which lasted 381 days, unconstitutional. He organized for none of the black to EVER step foot on a bus anywhere, and it actually worked. MLK got arrested, but took it to Supreme court, and make it unconstitutional. Blacks now could sit in any seat on the bus, and did not have to give up their seat to anyone.
- Like we talked about in class, if all of us students sit on the beach and it's like the whole school, the faculty cannot do anything about it, they cannot move us, or suspend all of us. This leads into the situation of MLK. He told them, if someone punches you in the face, hug them. Kill them with kindness. Also, so if all the blacks didn't get on the bus, it made a scene.
PLESSY VS. FERGUSON, BROWN VS. BOARD OF EDUCATION:
- Supreme Court law with separate but equal. Blacks and whites were concerned.
- Brown: unconstitutional by 1954. It struck down Plessy vs. Ferguson because separate wasn't being equal. It basically stated that all men are equal regardless of race.
CIVIL RIGHTS GOALS:
- People began to be concerned.
- Freedom Rides, is where the black would drive to the deep south, and violate Jim Crow laws. The busses they rode on were often bombed, and sometimes white college students would join them.
- Also, Malcolm Little, which changed his name to Malcolm X due to the whole slavery passing down the last name from it's white owner. He's the "by any means necessary guy."
EISENHOWER'S ROLE IN LITTLE ROCK:
- In Little rock, Arkansas there was a school that was racially segregated and did not allow black students to enter. So the school decided to create a blockade for the Nine black students to not enter the school. So Eisenhower sent troops to protect the nine students as they walked into the school. While the nine students, there were angry mobs behind them screaming and yelling at them because they did not believe in this connecting of two races.
RIGHTS OF ACCUSED:
- Gideon vs. Wainwright, 6th amendment: accused criminal has a right to a lawyer.
- Escobedo vs. Illinois, Criminal suspects have the right to counsel during police interrogations, like they don't have to say a word without their lawyer there.
- Miranda vs. Arizona, If your not told you can have rights, his confession was not used in court because they did not tell him this.
BROWN VS. BOARD OF EDUCATION:
- Color ignites a movement.
- Oliver Brown sues school board, on behalf of his 8 year old daughter because she shouldn't be going to a school only for blacks, they should be equal.
- It basically stated that blacks and whites can go to a school and they wont be denied because of their race. Having separate schools for blacks and whites wasn't "equal" like the pressy vs. ferguson.
CHAVEZ & UNITED FARM WORKERS:
- Cesar Chavez, becomes a cultural icon for Chicanos, UFW.
- Organized Delano Grape Strike.
- Anit-Immigration while at UFW.
FHA & ADA:
- Federal Housing Administration, US government agency that insured loans made by banks and other private lenders for home building and home buying.
- Improve housing standards and conditions
- Provide and adequate home financing system through insurance of mortgage loans.
- Stabilize the mortgage market.
- Americans with Disabilities Act, a wide ranging civil rights law that prohibits discrimination based on disability.
PURPOSE OF FILIBUSTERS:
- It was used to stop the other side from speaking, so that the Civil rights leg. wasn't passed.
- The speaker would talk a whole lot, and end up getting a great applause.
SIT IN'S & OTHER PROTESTS:
- There were Lunch Counter sit in's where the blacks would sit in a place that only served white people and would just sit there until they were arrested (that's kind of power of the mob also). Usually when they were arrested, they were bailed out, and they would come back to the sit in's to participate again, and also get thrown in jail again.
- La Raza, was in the southwest, Chicano's (mexican americans) were fighting for equality.
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